"fricative" meaning in All languages combined

See fricative on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈfɹɪkətɪv/ [UK], /ˈfɹɪkətɪv/ [Australia, Canada, US], [ˈfɹɪkəɾɪv] [Australia, Canada, US], /ˈfɾɪkətɪv/ [South-Asia], /fɾɪˈkeʈɪv/ [South-Asia] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fricative.wav [Southern-England] Forms: more fricative [comparative], most fricative [superlative]
enPR: frĭk'ətĭv Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s Proto-Italic *frios Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin friō Latin -ic- ▲ Latin -ō Latin -icō Latin fricō Latin frictus Latin fricātus Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus New Latin fricatīvusbor. English fricative From New Latin fricatīvus, from Latin fricāre (“to rub”). By surface analysis, fricate + -ive. Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|:bor|la-new:fricatīvus&lt;ety:af&lt;la:fricātus&lt;id:participle&gt;&gt;&lt;la:-īvus&gt;&gt;|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s Proto-Italic *frios Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin friō Latin -ic- ▲ Latin -ō Latin -icō Latin fricō Latin frictus Latin fricātus Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus New Latin fricatīvusbor. English fricative [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "participle", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "participle 2", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*bʰriH-o-s", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰreyH-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*frios", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "itc-pro" }, { "id" : "denominative", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-ājō", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro", "pos" : "suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "influ.", "keyword_label" : "Influenced by", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂ti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "influence" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-āō", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ō", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "friō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }, { "id" : "first-conjugation suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "-ic-", "lang_name" : "Latin", "status" : "ok", "children" : [ ], "lang" : "la" }, { "is_duplicate" : true, "children" : [ ], "id" : "denominative", "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>", "id" : "denominative", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ō", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-icō", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "fricō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "frictus", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "fricātus", "lang" : "la" }, { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-iHwós", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectival suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-wós", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-īvus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "New Latin", "term" : "fricatīvus", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "la-new" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "fricative", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="fricative">, {{bor|en|la-new|fricatīvus}} New Latin fricatīvus, {{der|en|la|fricō|fricāre|t=to rub}} Latin fricāre (“to rub”), {{surf|en|fricate|-ive}} By surface analysis, fricate + -ive, {{etymon|en|:bor|la-new:fricatīvus&lt;ety:af&lt;la:fricātus&lt;id:participle&gt;&gt;&lt;la:-īvus&gt;&gt;|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s Proto-Italic *frios Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin friō Latin -ic- ▲ Latin -ō Latin -icō Latin fricō Latin frictus Latin fricātus Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus New Latin fricatīvusbor. English fricative Head templates: {{en-adj}} fricative (comparative more fricative, superlative most fricative)
  1. (phonetics) produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity. Derived forms: fricated, fricatively, fricativeness, fricativisation, fricativization, fricativise, fricativize, nonfricative, prefricative Related terms: friction, affricate, approximant, lateral, nasal, plosive, sibilant Translations (produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity): fërkimor (Albanian), رَخْو (raḵw) (Arabic), շփական (špʻakan) (Armenian), fricatiu (Catalan), frikativ (Danish), fricatif (French), ფრიკატიული (priḳaṭiuli) (Georgian), ნაპრალოვანი (naṗralovani) (Georgian), frikativ (German), fricativo (Italian), trący (Polish), szczelinowy (Polish), frykatywny (Polish), fricativo (Portuguese), фрикати́вный (frikatívnyj) (Russian), щелево́й (ščelevój) (Russian), suathach (Scottish Gaelic), fricativo (Spanish), ffrithiol (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-fricative-en-adj-7CRCCG2Y Categories (other): Phonetics, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 51 49 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 45 55 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 47 53 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 38 45 4 8 2 4 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 46 54 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 48 52 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, phonetics, phonology, sciences

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈfɹɪkətɪv/ [UK], /ˈfɹɪkətɪv/ [Australia, Canada, US], [ˈfɹɪkəɾɪv] [Australia, Canada, US], /ˈfɾɪkətɪv/ [South-Asia], /fɾɪˈkeʈɪv/ [South-Asia] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fricative.wav [Southern-England] Forms: fricatives [plural]
enPR: frĭk'ətĭv Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s Proto-Italic *frios Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin friō Latin -ic- ▲ Latin -ō Latin -icō Latin fricō Latin frictus Latin fricātus Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus New Latin fricatīvusbor. English fricative From New Latin fricatīvus, from Latin fricāre (“to rub”). By surface analysis, fricate + -ive. Etymology templates: {{etymon|en|:bor|la-new:fricatīvus&lt;ety:af&lt;la:fricātus&lt;id:participle&gt;&gt;&lt;la:-īvus&gt;&gt;|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s Proto-Italic *frios Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin friō Latin -ic- ▲ Latin -ō Latin -icō Latin fricō Latin frictus Latin fricātus Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus New Latin fricatīvusbor. English fricative [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "participle", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "participle 2", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*bʰriH-o-s", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰreyH-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*frios", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "itc-pro" }, { "id" : "denominative", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-ājō", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro", "pos" : "suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "influ.", "keyword_label" : "Influenced by", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂ti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "influence" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-āō", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ō", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "friō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }, { "id" : "first-conjugation suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "-ic-", "lang_name" : "Latin", "status" : "ok", "children" : [ ], "lang" : "la" }, { "is_duplicate" : true, "children" : [ ], "id" : "denominative", "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>", "id" : "denominative", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ō", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-icō", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "fricō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "frictus", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "fricātus", "lang" : "la" }, { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-iHwós", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectival suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-wós", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-īvus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "New Latin", "term" : "fricatīvus", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "la-new" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "fricative", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="fricative">, {{bor|en|la-new|fricatīvus}} New Latin fricatīvus, {{der|en|la|fricō|fricāre|t=to rub}} Latin fricāre (“to rub”), {{surf|en|fricate|-ive}} By surface analysis, fricate + -ive, {{etymon|en|:bor|la-new:fricatīvus&lt;ety:af&lt;la:fricātus&lt;id:participle&gt;&gt;&lt;la:-īvus&gt;&gt;|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s Proto-Italic *frios Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin friō Latin -ic- ▲ Latin -ō Latin -icō Latin fricō Latin frictus Latin fricātus Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus New Latin fricatīvusbor. English fricative Head templates: {{en-noun}} fricative (plural fricatives)
  1. (phonetics) Any of several speech sounds produced by air flowing through a constriction in the oral cavity and typically producing a sibilant, hissing, or buzzing quality; a fricative consonant. Synonyms: spirant [archaic] Hypernyms: obstruent Derived forms: dental fricative, groove fricative, lateral fricative, slit fricative Coordinate_terms: approximant, lateral, nasal, trill, plosive Translations (consonant): fërkimore [feminine] (Albanian), اِحْتِكَاكِي (iḥtikākī) [masculine] (Arabic), رَخْو (raḵw) (Arabic), صَوْت اِحْتِكَاكِي (ṣawt iḥtikākī) (Arabic), صَوْت رَخْو (ṣawt raḵw) (Arabic), շփական (špʻakan) (Armenian), sürtünən (Azerbaijani), fricatiu (Catalan), 擦音 (cāyīn) (Chinese Mandarin), frikativa [feminine] (Czech), hæmmelyd [common-gender] (Danish), frikativ [common-gender] (Danish), fricatief [masculine] (Dutch), wrijfklank [masculine] (Dutch), frikatiivi (Finnish), hankausäänne (Finnish), fricative [feminine] (French), სპირანტი (sṗiranṭi) (Georgian), ფრიკატივი (priḳaṭivi) (Georgian), ნაპრალოვანი (naṗralovani) (Georgian), Frikativ [masculine] (German), Reibelaut [masculine] (German), réshang (Hungarian), frikatíva (Hungarian), önghljóð [neuter] (Icelandic), fricativo [masculine] (Italian), 摩擦音 (masatsuon) (Japanese), 마찰음 (machareum) (alt: 摩擦音) (Korean), шүргэх гийгүүлэгч (šürgex giigüülegč) (english: fricative consonant) [Cyrillic] (Mongolian), ᠱᠦᠷᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ (šürgükü geyigülügči) (Mongolian), frikativ [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), spirant [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), frikativ [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), spirant [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), spółgłoska szczelinowa [feminine] (Polish), fricativa [feminine] (Portuguese), фрикати́вный (frikatívnyj) [masculine] (Russian), щелево́й (ščelevój) [masculine] (Russian), suathach [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), фри̏катӣв [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), стру̑јнӣк [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), тјѐсначнӣк [Cyrillic, Ijekavian, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), тјѐсначнӣк [Cyrillic, Ekavian, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), frȉkatīv [Latin, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), strȗjnīk [Latin, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), tjèsnačnīk [Ijekavian, Latin, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), tèsnačnīk [Ekavian, Latin, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), fricativa [feminine] (Spanish), frikativa [common-gender] (Swedish), ffrithiolyn [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-fricative-en-noun-iH2tJHwk Categories (other): Phonetics, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ive, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Mongolian translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 50 50 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 51 49 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 45 55 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ive: 39 61 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 28 72 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 47 53 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 38 45 4 8 2 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 40 49 2 5 1 2 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 46 54 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 48 52 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Azerbaijani translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 31 69 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 35 65 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 31 69 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 37 63 Disambiguation of Terms with Mongolian translations: 37 63 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations: 35 65 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 32 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 34 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 33 67 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 32 68 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, phonetics, phonology, sciences

Adjective [French]

IPA: /fʁi.ka.tiv/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav [France, Lyon]
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|fr|adjective form}} fricative
  1. feminine singular of fricatif Tags: feminine, form-of, singular Form of: fricatif
    Sense id: en-fricative-fr-adj-lxUUEy0F
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [French]

IPA: /fʁi.ka.tiv/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav [France, Lyon] Forms: fricatives [plural]
Etymology: Substantive feminine of fricatif. Head templates: {{fr-noun|f}} fricative f (plural fricatives)
  1. (phonetics) fricative Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-fricative-fr-noun--mXZG7Cy Categories (other): Phonetics, French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 15 85 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, phonetics, phonology, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Adjective [Italian]

IPA: /fri.kaˈti.ve/
Rhymes: -ive Head templates: {{head|it|adjective form}} fricative
  1. feminine plural of fricativo Tags: feminine, form-of, plural Form of: fricativo
    Sense id: en-fricative-it-adj-RMtDReNj Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 47 53

Noun [Italian]

IPA: /fri.kaˈti.ve/
Rhymes: -ive Head templates: {{head|it|noun form|g=f-p}} fricative f pl
  1. plural of fricativa Tags: feminine, form-of, plural Form of: fricativa
    Sense id: en-fricative-it-noun-u0sJObNS Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 47 53

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*bʰreyH-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreyH-"
    ],
    [
      "*frios",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/frios"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "friō",
      "frio#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "-icō",
      "-ico#Latin:_first-conjugation_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "fricō",
      "frico#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "frictus",
      "frictus#Latin:_participle_2"
    ],
    [
      "fricātus",
      "fricatus#Latin:_participle"
    ],
    [
      "*-wós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-īvus",
      "-ivus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricatīvus",
      "fricativus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricatīvus",
      "fricativus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricāre",
      "frico#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricate",
      "fricate#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ive",
      "-ive#English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "la-new:fricatīvus<ety:af<la:fricātus<id:participle>><la:-īvus>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle 2\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰriH-o-s\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰreyH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frios\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"friō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"first-conjugation suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"frictus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricatīvus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"fricative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"fricative\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-new",
        "3": "fricatīvus"
      },
      "expansion": "New Latin fricatīvus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "fricō",
        "4": "fricāre",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fricāre (“to rub”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fricate",
        "3": "-ive"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, fricate + -ive",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "la-new:fricatīvus<ety:af<la:fricātus<id:participle>><la:-īvus>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative\nFrom New Latin fricatīvus, from Latin fricāre (“to rub”). By surface analysis, fricate + -ive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fricatives",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fricative (plural fricatives)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Phonetics",
          "orig": "en:Phonetics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ive",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
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        {
          "_dis": "38 45 4 8 2 4",
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          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
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        {
          "_dis": "40 49 2 5 1 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Danish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
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          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
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          "parents": [],
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        },
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          "_dis": "34 66",
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          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
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          "_dis": "34 66",
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          "name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
          "parents": [],
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          "name": "Terms with Korean translations",
          "parents": [],
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          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
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          "name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
          "parents": [],
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
          "parents": [],
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          "_dis": "35 65",
          "kind": "other",
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        {
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "word": "approximant"
        },
        {
          "word": "lateral"
        },
        {
          "word": "nasal"
        },
        {
          "word": "trill"
        },
        {
          "word": "plosive"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "dental fricative"
        },
        {
          "word": "groove fricative"
        },
        {
          "word": "lateral fricative"
        },
        {
          "word": "slit fricative"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              70,
              80
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:",
          "text": "Watt listened for a time, for the voice was far from unmelodious. The fricatives in particular were pleasing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of several speech sounds produced by air flowing through a constriction in the oral cavity and typically producing a sibilant, hissing, or buzzing quality; a fricative consonant."
      ],
      "hypernyms": [
        {
          "word": "obstruent"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-fricative-en-noun-iH2tJHwk",
      "links": [
        [
          "phonetics",
          "phonetics"
        ],
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
        ],
        [
          "sibilant",
          "sibilant"
        ],
        [
          "hissing",
          "hissing"
        ],
        [
          "buzzing",
          "buzzing"
        ],
        [
          "consonant",
          "consonant"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonetics) Any of several speech sounds produced by air flowing through a constriction in the oral cavity and typically producing a sibilant, hissing, or buzzing quality; a fricative consonant."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "spirant"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonetics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "lang_code": "sq",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fërkimore"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "lang_code": "ar",
          "roman": "iḥtikākī",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "اِحْتِكَاكِي"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "lang_code": "ar",
          "roman": "raḵw",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "رَخْو"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "lang_code": "ar",
          "roman": "ṣawt iḥtikākī",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "صَوْت اِحْتِكَاكِي"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "lang_code": "ar",
          "roman": "ṣawt raḵw",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "صَوْت رَخْو"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hy",
          "roman": "špʻakan",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "շփական"
        },
        {
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "lang_code": "az",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "sürtünən"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "fricatiu"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "lang_code": "cmn",
          "roman": "cāyīn",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "擦音"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "frikativa"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "hæmmelyd"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "frikativ"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fricatief"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "wrijfklank"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "frikatiivi"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "hankausäänne"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fricative"
        },
        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "sṗiranṭi",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "სპირანტი"
        },
        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "priḳaṭivi",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "ფრიკატივი"
        },
        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "naṗralovani",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "ნაპრალოვანი"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Frikativ"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Reibelaut"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "réshang"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "frikatíva"
        },
        {
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "önghljóð"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fricativo"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "lang_code": "ja",
          "roman": "masatsuon",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "摩擦音"
        },
        {
          "alt": "摩擦音",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "lang_code": "ko",
          "roman": "machareum",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "마찰음"
        },
        {
          "code": "mn",
          "english": "fricative consonant",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "lang_code": "mn",
          "roman": "šürgex giigüülegč",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "translation": "fricative consonant",
          "word": "шүргэх гийгүүлэгч"
        },
        {
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "lang_code": "mn",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Mongolian script"
          ],
          "roman": "šürgükü geyigülügči",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "word": "ᠱᠦᠷᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "lang_code": "nb",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "frikativ"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "lang_code": "nb",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "spirant"
        },
        {
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "frikativ"
        },
        {
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "spirant"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spółgłoska szczelinowa"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fricativa"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "frikatívnyj",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "фрикати́вный"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "ščelevój",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "щелево́й"
        },
        {
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "suathach"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "фри̏катӣв"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "стру̑јнӣк"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "Ijekavian",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "тјѐсначнӣк"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "Ekavian",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "тјѐсначнӣк"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "frȉkatīv"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "strȗjnīk"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "Ijekavian",
            "Latin",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tjèsnačnīk"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "Ekavian",
            "Latin",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tèsnačnīk"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fricativa"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "frikativa"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "lang_code": "cy",
          "sense": "consonant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ffrithiolyn"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "frĭk'ətĭv"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɹɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fricative.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɹɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɹɪkəɾɪv]",
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɾɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Asia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɾɪˈkeʈɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Asia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*bʰreyH-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreyH-"
    ],
    [
      "*frios",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/frios"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "friō",
      "frio#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "-icō",
      "-ico#Latin:_first-conjugation_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "fricō",
      "frico#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "frictus",
      "frictus#Latin:_participle_2"
    ],
    [
      "fricātus",
      "fricatus#Latin:_participle"
    ],
    [
      "*-wós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-īvus",
      "-ivus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricatīvus",
      "fricativus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricatīvus",
      "fricativus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricāre",
      "frico#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricate",
      "fricate#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ive",
      "-ive#English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "la-new:fricatīvus<ety:af<la:fricātus<id:participle>><la:-īvus>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle 2\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰriH-o-s\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰreyH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frios\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"friō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"first-conjugation suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"frictus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricatīvus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"fricative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"fricative\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-new",
        "3": "fricatīvus"
      },
      "expansion": "New Latin fricatīvus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "fricō",
        "4": "fricāre",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fricāre (“to rub”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fricate",
        "3": "-ive"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, fricate + -ive",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "la-new:fricatīvus<ety:af<la:fricātus<id:participle>><la:-īvus>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative\nFrom New Latin fricatīvus, from Latin fricāre (“to rub”). By surface analysis, fricate + -ive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more fricative",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most fricative",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fricative (comparative more fricative, superlative most fricative)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Phonetics",
          "orig": "en:Phonetics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 45 4 8 2 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "fricated"
        },
        {
          "word": "fricatively"
        },
        {
          "word": "fricativeness"
        },
        {
          "word": "fricativisation"
        },
        {
          "word": "fricativization"
        },
        {
          "word": "fricativise"
        },
        {
          "word": "fricativize"
        },
        {
          "word": "nonfricative"
        },
        {
          "word": "prefricative"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity."
      ],
      "id": "en-fricative-en-adj-7CRCCG2Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "phonetics",
          "phonetics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonetics) produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "friction"
        },
        {
          "word": "affricate"
        },
        {
          "word": "approximant"
        },
        {
          "word": "lateral"
        },
        {
          "word": "nasal"
        },
        {
          "word": "plosive"
        },
        {
          "word": "sibilant"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonetics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "lang_code": "sq",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "fërkimor"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "lang_code": "ar",
          "roman": "raḵw",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "رَخْو"
        },
        {
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hy",
          "roman": "špʻakan",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "շփական"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "fricatiu"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "frikativ"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "fricatif"
        },
        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "priḳaṭiuli",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "ფრიკატიული"
        },
        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "naṗralovani",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "ნაპრალოვანი"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "frikativ"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "fricativo"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "trący"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "szczelinowy"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "frykatywny"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "fricativo"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "frikatívnyj",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "фрикати́вный"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "ščelevój",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "щелево́й"
        },
        {
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "suathach"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "fricativo"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "lang_code": "cy",
          "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
          "word": "ffrithiol"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "frĭk'ətĭv"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɹɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fricative.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɹɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɹɪkəɾɪv]",
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɾɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Asia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɾɪˈkeʈɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Asia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "fricatif",
      "fricatif#French"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_text": "Substantive feminine of fricatif.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fricatives",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "fricative f (plural fricatives)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Phonetics",
          "orig": "fr:Phonetics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fricative"
      ],
      "id": "en-fricative-fr-noun--mXZG7Cy",
      "links": [
        [
          "phonetics",
          "phonetics"
        ],
        [
          "fricative",
          "fricative#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonetics) fricative"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonetics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʁi.ka.tiv/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "fricative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "fricatif"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of fricatif"
      ],
      "id": "en-fricative-fr-adj-lxUUEy0F",
      "links": [
        [
          "fricatif",
          "fricatif#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʁi.ka.tiv/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "fricative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "fri‧ca‧tì‧ve"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "fri‧ca‧tì‧ve"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "fricativo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine plural of fricativo"
      ],
      "id": "en-fricative-it-adj-RMtDReNj",
      "links": [
        [
          "fricativo",
          "fricativo#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fri.kaˈti.ve/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ive"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f-p"
      },
      "expansion": "fricative f pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "fri‧ca‧tì‧ve"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "fri‧ca‧tì‧ve"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "fricativa"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of fricativa"
      ],
      "id": "en-fricative-it-noun-u0sJObNS",
      "links": [
        [
          "fricativa",
          "fricativa#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fri.kaˈti.ve/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ive"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from New Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from New Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreyH-",
    "English terms suffixed with -ive",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Mongolian translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "dental fricative"
    },
    {
      "word": "groove fricative"
    },
    {
      "word": "lateral fricative"
    },
    {
      "word": "slit fricative"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*bʰreyH-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreyH-"
    ],
    [
      "*frios",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/frios"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "friō",
      "frio#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "-icō",
      "-ico#Latin:_first-conjugation_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "fricō",
      "frico#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "frictus",
      "frictus#Latin:_participle_2"
    ],
    [
      "fricātus",
      "fricatus#Latin:_participle"
    ],
    [
      "*-wós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-īvus",
      "-ivus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricatīvus",
      "fricativus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricatīvus",
      "fricativus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricāre",
      "frico#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricate",
      "fricate#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ive",
      "-ive#English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "la-new:fricatīvus<ety:af<la:fricātus<id:participle>><la:-īvus>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle 2\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰriH-o-s\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰreyH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frios\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"friō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"first-conjugation suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"frictus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricatīvus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"fricative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"fricative\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-new",
        "3": "fricatīvus"
      },
      "expansion": "New Latin fricatīvus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "fricō",
        "4": "fricāre",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fricāre (“to rub”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fricate",
        "3": "-ive"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, fricate + -ive",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "la-new:fricatīvus<ety:af<la:fricātus<id:participle>><la:-īvus>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative\nFrom New Latin fricatīvus, from Latin fricāre (“to rub”). By surface analysis, fricate + -ive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fricatives",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fricative (plural fricatives)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Phonetics"
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "word": "approximant"
        },
        {
          "word": "lateral"
        },
        {
          "word": "nasal"
        },
        {
          "word": "trill"
        },
        {
          "word": "plosive"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              70,
              80
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, [Paris]: Olympia Press, →OCLC:",
          "text": "Watt listened for a time, for the voice was far from unmelodious. The fricatives in particular were pleasing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of several speech sounds produced by air flowing through a constriction in the oral cavity and typically producing a sibilant, hissing, or buzzing quality; a fricative consonant."
      ],
      "hypernyms": [
        {
          "word": "obstruent"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "phonetics",
          "phonetics"
        ],
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
        ],
        [
          "sibilant",
          "sibilant"
        ],
        [
          "hissing",
          "hissing"
        ],
        [
          "buzzing",
          "buzzing"
        ],
        [
          "consonant",
          "consonant"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonetics) Any of several speech sounds produced by air flowing through a constriction in the oral cavity and typically producing a sibilant, hissing, or buzzing quality; a fricative consonant."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "spirant"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonetics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "frĭk'ətĭv"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɹɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fricative.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɹɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɹɪkəɾɪv]",
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɾɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Asia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɾɪˈkeʈɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Asia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fërkimore"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "iḥtikākī",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "اِحْتِكَاكِي"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "raḵw",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "رَخْو"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "ṣawt iḥtikākī",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "صَوْت اِحْتِكَاكِي"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "ṣawt raḵw",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "صَوْت رَخْو"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "roman": "špʻakan",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "շփական"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "sürtünən"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "fricatiu"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "lang_code": "cmn",
      "roman": "cāyīn",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "擦音"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "frikativa"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "hæmmelyd"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "frikativ"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fricatief"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "wrijfklank"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "frikatiivi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "hankausäänne"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fricative"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "sṗiranṭi",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "სპირანტი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "priḳaṭivi",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "ფრიკატივი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "naṗralovani",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "ნაპრალოვანი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Frikativ"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Reibelaut"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "réshang"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "frikatíva"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "önghljóð"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fricativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "masatsuon",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "摩擦音"
    },
    {
      "alt": "摩擦音",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "roman": "machareum",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "마찰음"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "english": "fricative consonant",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "lang_code": "mn",
      "roman": "šürgex giigüülegč",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "translation": "fricative consonant",
      "word": "шүргэх гийгүүлэгч"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "lang_code": "mn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Mongolian script"
      ],
      "roman": "šürgükü geyigülügči",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "word": "ᠱᠦᠷᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "frikativ"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "spirant"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "lang_code": "nn",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "frikativ"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "lang_code": "nn",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "spirant"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spółgłoska szczelinowa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fricativa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "frikatívnyj",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "фрикати́вный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "ščelevój",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "щелево́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "suathach"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "фри̏катӣв"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "стру̑јнӣк"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Ijekavian",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "тјѐсначнӣк"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "Ekavian",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "тјѐсначнӣк"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "frȉkatīv"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "strȗjnīk"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "Ijekavian",
        "Latin",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tjèsnačnīk"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "Ekavian",
        "Latin",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tèsnačnīk"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fricativa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "frikativa"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "sense": "consonant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ffrithiolyn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from New Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from New Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreyH-",
    "English terms suffixed with -ive",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Mongolian translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "fricated"
    },
    {
      "word": "fricatively"
    },
    {
      "word": "fricativeness"
    },
    {
      "word": "fricativisation"
    },
    {
      "word": "fricativization"
    },
    {
      "word": "fricativise"
    },
    {
      "word": "fricativize"
    },
    {
      "word": "nonfricative"
    },
    {
      "word": "prefricative"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*bʰreyH-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreyH-"
    ],
    [
      "*frios",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/frios"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂ti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
    ],
    [
      "*-āō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "friō",
      "frio#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-ō",
      "-o#Latin:_denominative"
    ],
    [
      "-icō",
      "-ico#Latin:_first-conjugation_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "fricō",
      "frico#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "frictus",
      "frictus#Latin:_participle_2"
    ],
    [
      "fricātus",
      "fricatus#Latin:_participle"
    ],
    [
      "*-wós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-īvus",
      "-ivus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricatīvus",
      "fricativus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricatīvus",
      "fricativus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricāre",
      "frico#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fricate",
      "fricate#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ive",
      "-ive#English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "la-new:fricatīvus<ety:af<la:fricātus<id:participle>><la:-īvus>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle 2\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰriH-o-s\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰreyH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frios\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"friō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"first-conjugation suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"frictus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"New Latin\", \"term\" : \"fricatīvus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-new\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"fricative\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"fricative\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-new",
        "3": "fricatīvus"
      },
      "expansion": "New Latin fricatīvus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "fricō",
        "4": "fricāre",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fricāre (“to rub”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fricate",
        "3": "-ive"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, fricate + -ive",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "la-new:fricatīvus<ety:af<la:fricātus<id:participle>><la:-īvus>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰreyH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰriH-o-s\nProto-Italic *frios\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin friō\nLatin -ic-\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin -icō\nLatin fricō\nLatin frictus\nLatin fricātus\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\nNew Latin fricatīvusbor.\nEnglish fricative\nFrom New Latin fricatīvus, from Latin fricāre (“to rub”). By surface analysis, fricate + -ive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more fricative",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most fricative",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fricative (comparative more fricative, superlative most fricative)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "friction"
    },
    {
      "word": "affricate"
    },
    {
      "word": "approximant"
    },
    {
      "word": "lateral"
    },
    {
      "word": "nasal"
    },
    {
      "word": "plosive"
    },
    {
      "word": "sibilant"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Phonetics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "phonetics",
          "phonetics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonetics) produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonetics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "frĭk'ətĭv"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɹɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fricative.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fricative.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɹɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɹɪkəɾɪv]",
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɾɪkətɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Asia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɾɪˈkeʈɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Asia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "fërkimor"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "raḵw",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "رَخْو"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "roman": "špʻakan",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "շփական"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "fricatiu"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "frikativ"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "fricatif"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "priḳaṭiuli",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "ფრიკატიული"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "naṗralovani",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "ნაპრალოვანი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "frikativ"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "fricativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "trący"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "szczelinowy"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "frykatywny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "fricativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "frikatívnyj",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "фрикати́вный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "ščelevój",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "щелево́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "suathach"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "fricativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "sense": "produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity",
      "word": "ffrithiol"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 3-syllable words",
    "French adjective forms",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French feminine nouns",
    "French lemmas",
    "French non-lemma forms",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "fricatif",
      "fricatif#French"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_text": "Substantive feminine of fricatif.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fricatives",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "fricative f (plural fricatives)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "fr:Phonetics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fricative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "phonetics",
          "phonetics"
        ],
        [
          "fricative",
          "fricative#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonetics) fricative"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonetics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʁi.ka.tiv/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 3-syllable words",
    "French adjective forms",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French non-lemma forms",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "fricative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "fricatif"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of fricatif"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fricatif",
          "fricatif#French"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʁi.ka.tiv/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-fricative.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 4-syllable words",
    "Italian adjective forms",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian non-lemma forms",
    "Italian noun forms",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Italian/ive",
    "Rhymes:Italian/ive/4 syllables"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "fricative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "fri‧ca‧tì‧ve"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "fri‧ca‧tì‧ve"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "fricativo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine plural of fricativo"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fricativo",
          "fricativo#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fri.kaˈti.ve/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ive"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 4-syllable words",
    "Italian adjective forms",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian non-lemma forms",
    "Italian noun forms",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Italian/ive",
    "Rhymes:Italian/ive/4 syllables"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f-p"
      },
      "expansion": "fricative f pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "fri‧ca‧tì‧ve"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "fri‧ca‧tì‧ve"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "fricativa"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of fricativa"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fricativa",
          "fricativa#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fri.kaˈti.ve/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ive"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fricative"
}

Download raw JSONL data for fricative meaning in All languages combined (38.1kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.